Thursday, December 21, 2017

Kafka's Metamorphosis

OK, friends! I know that you will all spend time curled up beside the lights of the Christmas tree, reading about Gregor and his Bug Life. I know that the pamphlet isn't too much and soon you will be ready for an assignment! Well, I spent a lot of time last year (all kidding aside) reflecting on what I want students to get from this book and this project and what would be the best assignment for you. It came to me like a lightning bolt in the middle of the night last night last December! So.... here you go.  It's in three parts and before you panic, the entire assignment should not take you longer than about 3-4 hours, total. Probably less. OK?  Not only that, I am not making it due until the Friday after we come back to school so.... for those of you who either choose to or NEED TO delay your work until we are back on schedule, you have that option.

DUE DATE: FRIDAY, JANUARY 12

Part 1: Shrinklit Poem

I haven't assigned this for a few years and I LOVED it when we did them before. Essentially, it's a 12 line rhyming poem that sums up a book. You will need to detail the plot but also address theme, tone, and characters. They are typically humorous, if only because they condense an entire book into twelve lines.
Your best bet is to first write a summary, then decide which pieces are most important. Take those pieces and work them into your poem.

Below is a great example of a Frankenstein ShrinkLit:

Frankenstein
Mary Shelley
In his occult science lab Frankenstein creates a flab
Which, endowed with human will
Very shortly starts to kill.
First, it pleads a lonely life
And demands a monster-wife;
“Monstrous” Frankenstein objects,
Thinking of the side-effects.
Chilled with fear, he quits the scene,
But the frightful man-machine
Follows him in hot pursuit
Bumping people off en route,
Till at last it stands malign,
By the corpse of Frankenstein!
Somewhere in the northern mists
Horrid thing – it still exists. . .
Still at large, a-thirst for gore!
Got a strong lock on your door?
~ Maurice Sagoff

Part 2: Let Your Creativity Run Wild!

I want a creative project over the book. The important piece here is that you don't just illustrate the events of the novel but convey the message, the deeper complexities, any author information you have, etc.. I am including some ideas for you that I found on Pinterest below. You will include an index card explanation with your project and that will be almost as weighted in the grade as the creative project itself. Options are a book cover, a tshirt, a poster, a graphic design, a repurposed book, a 3-D display, a diorama, it's as wide as your mind!!!
All images below are courtesy of Pinterest...
Examples:








Part 3: AP Style Essay Question with an answer outline

You know the drill. Write a fantastic essay question, AP style and caliber, over Kafka's Metamorphosis. Then give me a brief outline of what you would expect in the answer.

That's it! And you get to start the new semester with an easy grade! WIN-WIN! :) 

I will miss you all over this break and I am very excited to see you on the first day back!!!


2

Monday, November 27, 2017

Sonnets

We are hitting several things today, all with sonnets. And hopefully all on the computers. First of all, after I give the notes, you will visit Sonnet Central (link here) and find a sonnet to annotate. What you will need to do is copy the sonnet and past it into a word document, then use the comments to annotate it. I don't want something with two or three points on it. I want something that looks like a WEB of detail. :)


Step 1: Pick a sonnet. It does not have to be written by Shakespeare (or Petrarch), but it DOES need to fit the sonnet form and be a well-written poem. The websites below will help you come up with one. Do NOT take too long to find one, but DO select a sonnet that you like and understand.


Other sonnets (click on the poet's name and it will take you to that page, then you can click on sonnets written by that poet)

Step 2: Annotate the sonnet using the comments feature of the word processing program. First, copy and paste the sonnet into the document (including title and poet). Next, break it apart (the longer version of what you will do during the AP test on the poetry question), making notes and analysis. The websites below will help in this process. I am hoping we all know how to use the comments feature.

Annotation Guides

Mr. Prestney, whom you probably wish was your teacher...

A wiki with a great example of what an annotated poem LOOKS like...
If that link doesn't work from school, here is another link

Email your annotated sonnet to me.

Tuesday, November 7, 2017

ME Novel

Choice Novel, Middle Eastern Lit

You have signed up for one of the choice books.  

*On Friday, 12/1, you need to come to class with both of the following assignments completed over your selected book.  You will then spend time in class working with your novels.

   800-1000 word response to AP question.  Linked are MANY of the writing prompts of the last 25 years.  Find one applicable to your book.  Make sure you QUOTE- with page numbers- sufficiently.
 http://mseffie.com/iOpeners/Open_Questions.pdfhttp://mseffie.com/iOpeners/Open_Questions.pdf

   A list, including page number and quote, of at least ten rhetorical strategies used by the author.  These might include: point of view, setting, metaphor, simile, paradox, irony, tone, allusion, etc... (http://www.uppercapetech.com/SummerReading2010Terms.pdfhttp://www.uppercapetech.com/SummerReading2010Terms.pdf
contains a pretty thorough listing... you also might recognize it as the place your literary terms to memorize are listed).

*You also need to find ONE critical piece of work or article over your novel.  This needs to be more scholarly than a review on amazon.com, please.  (You should also avoid critical essays on sparknotes or Cliffnotes.)  You do not need to do anything with it other than print it out and bring it in.


*Finally, you need to come with information on your author.  You can glean this info from your book (most have epilogues, author’s notes, etc), the author’s website (most have one), or the book publishing company.  Again, you do not need to do anything with it other than have it with you.

Monday, October 2, 2017

Lit Terms 3

More, more, more! We are getting good.

Syntactic fluency
Regionalism
Chiasmus
Anaphora
Plain style (in writing)
Unity (in the grammatical sense)
Rationalism
Aphorism
Synecdoche
Didactic

Week of October 3

Monday, October 3
Lit Terms on Blog
Sonnet AP Practice

Tuesday, October 4
ACT

Wednesday, October 5
Hamlet Act II

Thursday, October 6
1-TT
2-TT

Friday, October 7
Lit Terms 3 Quiz
Hamlet III

Happy Bday to Jared!

***Upcoming:
Journals due 10/20
Be sure to be reading Frankenstein.
Hamlet Project or Memorization due 11/3.

Hamlet Memorization

Ok, people! Here are your memorization options for Hamlet. REMEMBER: You have to do a memorization and a project over the course of Hamlet and Macbeth. THIS MEANS: If you do memorization over Hamlet, you will do a creative project over Macbeth. If you choose to wait for the memorization for Macbeth, you need to do a creative project over Hamlet. Got it? This won't be due until November 3, so you have lots of time, but... GET BUSY. :) 

Have a fabulous fall break!!! 

Option 1
Act I, scene ii, lines 129-158

O that this too too sullied flesh would melt,
Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!
Or that the Everlasting had not fix’d
His canon ‘gainst self-slaughter! O God! God!
How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, 
Seem to me all the uses of this world!
Fie on’t! ah fie! ‘tis an unweeded garden,
That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature
Possess it merely. That it should come to this!
But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two:
So excellent a king; that was, to this,
Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother
That he might not beteem the winds of heaven
Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth!
Must I remember? why, she would hang on him,
As if increase of appetite had grown
By what it fed on: and yet within a month--
Let me not think on’t-- Frailty, thy name is woman!--
A little month, or ere those shoes were old
With which she followed my poor father’s body,
Like Niobe, all tears:-- why she, even she--
O God! a beast, that wants discourse of reason,
Would have mourn’d longer-- married with my uncle,
My father’s brother, but no more like my father
Than I to Hercules: within a month:
Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears
Had left the flushing in her galled eyes,
She married. O, most wicked speed, to post
With such dexterity to most incestuous sheets!
It is not nor it cannot come to good:
But break, my heart; for I must hold my tongue.


 Option 2
Act II, scene ii
Who calls me villain? breaks my pate across?
Plucks off my beard and blows it in my face?
Tweaks me by the nose? gives me the lie i’ th’ throat,
As deep as to the lungs? who does me this?
Ha!
Swounds, I should take it: for it cannot be
But I am pigeon-liver’d and lack gall
To make oppression bitter, or ere this
I should have fatted all the region kites
With this slave’s offal: bloody, bawdy villain!
Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain!
O, vengeance!
Why, what an ass am I! This is most brave
That I, the son of a dear father murdere’d,
Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell,
Must, like a whore, unpack my heart with words,
And fall a-cursing, like a very drab,
A stallion!
Fie upon ‘t! foh! About, my brains! Hum, I have heard
That guilty creatures sitting at a play
Have by the very cunning of the scene
Been struck so to the soul that presently
They have proclaim’d their malefactions;
For murder, though it have no tongue, will speak
With most miraculous organ. I’ll have these players 
Play something like the murder of my father
Before mine uncle: I’ll observe his looks:
I’ll tent him to the quick: if ‘a do blench,
I know my course. The spirit that I have seen 
May be the devil: and the devil hath power
T’ assume a pleasing shape; yea, and perhaps 
Out of my weakness and my melancholy,
As he is very portent with such spirits,
Abuses me to damn me: I’ll have grounds
More relative than this: the play’s the thing
Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king.




Option 3
Act III, scene i
To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer 
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, 
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, ‘tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep;
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub;
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause: there’s the respect
That makes calamity of so long life;
For who would be the whips and scorns of time,
Th’ oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely,
The pangs of despis’d love, the law’s delay,
The insolence of office and the spurns 
That patient merit of th’ unworthy takes,
When he himself might his quietus make
With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear,
To grunt and sweat under a weary life,
But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscover’d country from whose bourn
No traveller returns, puzzles the will
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not of?
Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprises of great pitch and moment
With this regard their currents turn awry,
And lose the name of action-- Soft you now!
The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy orisons
Be all my sins rememb’red.


 Option 4
Act III, scene ii
‘Tis now the very witching time of night,
When churchyards yawn and hell itself breathes out
Contagion to this world: now could I drink hot blood,
And do such bitter business as the day 
Would quake to look on. Soft! now to my mother.
O heart, lose not they nature; let not ever
The soul of Nero enter this firm bosom:
Let me be cruel, not unnatural:
I will speak daggers to her, but use none;
My tongue and soul in this be hypocrites;
How in my words somever she be shent,
To give them seals never, my soul, consent!
Now might I do it pat, now he is praying;
And now I’ll do’t. And so ‘a goes to heaven;
And so I am reveng’d. That would be scann’d:
A villain kills my father; and for that,
I, his sole son, do his same villain send
To heaven.
Why, this is hire and salary, not revenge.
‘A took my father grossly, full of bread;
With all his crimes broad blown, as flush as May;
And how his audit stands who knows save heaven?
But in our circumstance and course of thought,
“Tis heavy with him: and am I then reveng’d,
To take him in the purging of his soul,
When he is fit and season’d for his passage?
No!
Up, sword; and know thou a more horrid hent:
When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage,
Or in th’ incestuous pleasure of his bed;
At game, a-swearing, or about some act
That has no relish of salvation in’t;
Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven,
And that his soul may be as damn’d and black
As hell, whereto it goes. My mother stays:
This physic but prolongs they sickly days.



 Option 5
Act IV, scene iv
How all occasions do inform against me,
And spur my dull revenge! What is a man,
If his chief good and market of his time
Be but to sleep and feed? a beast, no more.
Sure, he that made us with such large discourse,
Looking before and after, gave us not
That capability and god-like reason
To fust in us unus’d. Now, whether it be 
Bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple
Of thinking too precisely on th’ event,
A thought which, quarter’d, hath but one part wisdom
And ever three parts coward, I do not know
Why yet I live to say “This thing’s to do”;
Sith I have cause and will and strength and means 
To do ‘t. Examples gross as earth exhort me:
Witness this army of such mass and charge
Led by a delicate and tender prince,
Whose spirit with divine ambition puff’d
Makes mouths at the invisible event,
Exposing what is mortal and unsure
To all that fortune, death and danger dare,
Even for an egg-shell. Rightly to be great
Is not to stir without great argument,
But greatly to find quarrel in a straw
When honor’s at the stake. How stand I then,
That have a father kill’d, a mother stain’d,
Excitements of my reason and my blood,
And let all sleep? while, to my shame, I see
The imminent death of twenty thousand men,
That, for a fantasy and trick of fame,
Go to their graves like beds, fight for a plot
Whereon the numbers cannot try the cause,
Which is not tomb enough and continent
To hide the slain? O, from this time forth, 

My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth!

Saturday, September 23, 2017

Week of 9/25

Lit Terms are already up...

Monday, 9/25
Hamlet, Act I

Tuesday, 9/26
Hamlet I, II

Wednesday, 9/27
Hamlet II

Thursday, 9/28
Both TT
Poetry with group 2 (finish it) if time

Friday, 9/29
Lit Terms 2 Quiz
Hamlet Act II

Happy bday Roshan and Fernanda!

*UPCOMING:

Be reading on Frankenstein
Make sure Alchemist toolbox is done!
Lit Terms 3 next week
FALL BREAK IS ALMOST HERE, Y'ALL!!!!!

Sunday, September 17, 2017

Week of September 18

HAMLEEEETTTT!!!!!!!!! I hope you love it so much.

Monday, 9/18
AP Writing Activity

Tuesday, 9/19
Alchemist Goodbye

Wednesday, 9/20
Intro to Hamlet
Hamlet/Shakespeare notes
Hamlet Act I

Thursday, 9/21
1-AP Prac
2-TT

Friday, 9/22
Hamlet Act I
Happy Bday, David!!!

***Upcoming:
Lit Terms 2 Quiz Fri, 9/29
Reading Frankenstein

Wednesday, September 13, 2017

Lit Terms 2

Quiz moved two weeks later.

These are a little harder! Sorry I'm a few days late getting them up!

Lyric poem
Inversion (in grammar and comp)
Oxymoron
Puritanism
Epanalepsis
Anthropomorphism
Syntactic Permutation
Epistrophe
Antimetabole
Transcendentalism

Saturday, September 9, 2017

Week of 9/11

I enjoyed our brief stint with The Canterbury Tales, but I have to tell you, I cannot WAIT to talk about The Alchemist with you this week!!!  Happy birthday over the weekend to Nathan, on Thursday to Marissa and Will, and on Friday to Jocelyne!!!
*Due to missing class Friday, we will be a day off of our calendar. I will adjust for it next week.

Monday, 9/11
Lit Terms 2 on blog
Finish Friday's grading Circles

Tuesday, 9/12
Alchemist discussion
Alchemist quotes for homework
Cleaned up rough drafts due

Wednesday, 9/13
Alchemist Discussion

Thursday, 9/14
1-TT
2-AP Practice (poetry)

Friday, 9/15
Lit Terms Quiz 2
Alchemist Symbols

Coming Up:
Journals due Friday, 9/22

Tuesday, September 5, 2017

Week of 9/4

Happy bday, Riddhi, Breanna, and Lizandro over the weekend!

Monday, 9/4
Labor Day
No School!

Tuesday, 9/5
Peer Read College App Essay
MC Work

Wednesday, 9/6
Group AP Grading

Thursday, 9/7
1-AP Prac
2-TT

Friday, 9/8
Group AP Grading

Upcoming:
Alchemist finished 9/11
Journals due 9/22

Sunday, August 27, 2017

Lit Terms 1

CONFESSION: I am reversing the order of the lit terms from the past few years. Normally we start with the VERY EASY ones and then work up to the hard ones. The problem with that (and something that previous groups agreed with me was a problem) is that you don't have much time to practice and use the harder terms. Ideally, you would learn them upfront and then you will recognize them when they show up on the practice tests. Well guess what??? We have a clean slate and we can DO IDEAL! :) But. Some of these are hard, and there are even more challenging ones in the future. Sorry.

Naturalism (as a literary era/genre)
Modernism (as a literary era/genre)
Epigraph
Antihero
Juxtaposition
Periodic sentence
Apposition
Tricolon
Antithesis
Causal relationship

Week of August 28

We have finished our first work together now and I feel good about our discussions. This week and next will see us finishing our first AP Practice test and assessing on it.

Monday, 8/28
Say/Mean/Satire
Prologue Memorization due
Lit terms on blog
Megan's bday!

Tuesday, 8/29
Poetry Practice

Wednesday, 8/30
Open Essay Practice
Assign college app essay

Thursday, 8/31
1-TT
2-TT
Linsy's bday!

Friday, 9/1
Prose Practice
Lit Terms Quiz

***Upcoming:
College app essay due 9/5
Alchemist finished 9/11

Thursday, August 17, 2017

Week of August 21

Your calendar is somehow a day behind, so this is a change from your cal.

Monday, 8/21
ECLIPSE! Take a day off and read as much as you want. If you insist on watching the eclipse, please be careful with your peepers. You only get one pair and you will need them a lot this year.

Tuesday, 8/22
WOB Discussion
Self-Assessment due
BRIAN BYERLEY'S BDAY!

Wednesday, 8/23
Open Question 3 Canterbury Tales Essay

Thursday, 8/24
1-AP Diagnostic MC Test
2-TT
Journals due
Assign College App essay

Friday, 8/25
CSCC College Fair

***Note: Prologue memorization due Monday, 8/28!

Coming Up:
Lit Terms Quiz 1- 9/1
College Essay due 9/1
Alchemist finished by 9/8

AP Resources

Below are some awesome AP resources for those scholars who want to go above and beyond...


Frequency of Titles on Question 

Great AP Blog with witty study tips

Free Response Study Aids

Great List of Lit Terms

AP Lit Terms Flash Cards

AP Question 3 Prompts

Canterbury Tales Prologue Link

Canterbury Tales prologue audio.... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GihrWuysnrc
 Just listen to the 1:02 mark.

Remember, this is due for recitation August 28. :)

Thursday, May 11, 2017

Everyone Has a Story

Here is the link to the other video that is similar to the one we watched. Just a little something to take with you into life, the idea that we never know what those around us are experiencing.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl2_knlv_xw

Wednesday, May 3, 2017

Letters

You will get the instructions for the senior letter in class on Thursday. In addition to that, I also want you to write a thank you letter to a teacher. I will be sending these to the teachers, so include as much identifying info as possible. If it's someone outside the CCS system, put it in a stamped envelope and put their first and last name and address. If you can't find an address, maybe pick someone else. This matters, people. It will make a hard time of year much more pleasant for these teachers.

The Things They Carried

I am really disappointed that the schedule worked out where you are starting this book without me. I am especially disappointed because I think this book deserves an incredible and passionate introduction, not someone who isn't me dropping copies on your desks. This book is phenomenal. It is well-written, it is an incredible documentation of history, it allows the reader and writer to involve themselves in the most intricate of dances, and it's beautiful poetry. There is a lot of profanity, which is why we are only reading certain chapters, but if that sort of thing doesn't bother you, I would read more than the assigned chapters. We will work on this book starting on Monday of next week, so have it finished! Also, make sure that you have your Flurry of Frenetic Focus to turn in!

Here is a PDF of the whole book. However, we have copies for most/all of you.
http://savanna.auhsd.us/view/26051.pdf

You aren't reading the whole book UNLESS YOU WANT TO, which I highly recommend. :) I'll list the chapters below for you to read.

Love, pg 26
On the Rainy River, pg 39
The Dentist, pg 86
Stockings, pg 117
Church, pg 119
Ambush, pg 131
Style, pg 135
Notes, pg 155
In the Field, pg 162
Good Form, pg 179
Field Trip, pg 181
The Lives of the Dead, pg 225

Tuesday, May 2, 2017

AP Lit Poetry Guides

http://www.aplitguide.com/the-essay/poetry-devices-types-and-strategies/

http://teachers.sduhsd.net/sfarris/Files/AP%20Lit%20Files/Poetry/Poetry%20Terms%20-%20Technical%20StuffPDF.pdf

Monday, May 1, 2017

A Few Things...

We are in that frantic place where there aren't as many days left as there are words to say and things feel chaotic and plans get adjusted and the end is coming and it's happening and there is nothing I can do to stop it and there is so much more to read and to write and to say and to impart and .... AUGH! :)

That's a little look into my mind. I did just want to clarify a few things here.

1. Tuesday, 5/2, will be a day of periods 2, 3, and 1, so we won't have this class until the last period of the day. In addition, all of you will be with me for the entire two hours. We will be doing some last minute centering and I will have something for you. (The Flurry of Frenetic Focus mentioned on your to do list will be part of tomorrow.)

2. Wednesday, 5/3, is the test. You will report to Raider Arena Room 12. PLEASE eat a good breakfast, get plenty of sleep the night before, have writing utensils (pencil and pen), think clearly, take it seriously, remember your training, etc, etc, etc..

3. Thursday, 5/4, your to do list mentions teacher letters being due. Don't worry about those in advance. You will do them in class on Thursday.

4. I am taking personal days Thursday and Friday, May 4 and 5. You will have things to do in class on those days (Friday I am not sure if you will be here for all of class or not). On Thursday, your class will meet in the room beside Coach Renshaw's room.

5. We have one more work to read and we are only reading excerpts from it. It will be a nice way to round out the year, I think. I will give it to you this week and we will work with it the week of May 8.

6. Tuesday, May 9, is our AP Movie night at my house. I think we will meet for dinner around 7, then start the movie at 8. It's an hour and a half, so we should finish by 9:30, 9:45 or so. I will have dinner for you (probably hamburgers or hot dogs) if you all just want to bring drinks and chips and desserts.

7. Your final project is due on Friday, May 12. The full explanation of it is on the blog. It will serve as your final exam grade and so you need to DAZZLE me.

8. Your last journals are due Friday, May 12 as well. Thanks for a great year of getting to know you through these journals!

It's almost over, guys! It makes me sad to say that, but it's almost over.

AP Final Project

AP English
Final Exam/Project

Develop a one sentence theme that you can trace through the entire curriculum.

Using that theme, write a 1-2 page paper that explains how that theme is proven in at least three of the works we have read. The paper needs to be an AP-caliber thesis.


Finally, do a visual representation of that theme, correlating it to the works you mention in your paper (from this year). This does not have to be literal, but can be figurative and artistic. You will present it (BRIEFLY) on Friday, May 12.

Friday, April 28, 2017

Week of May 1

It's AP Exam week! You've got this!!!

Monday, 5/1
Final Test Prep
FFF, thesis statements, circuit training

Tuesday, 5/2
All with me
Final Test prep

Wednesday, 5/3
AP Exam

Thursday, 5/4
Letters

Friday, 5/5
Senior Parade

Monday, April 24, 2017

AP Lit Terms

http://www.lynchclay.k12.oh.us/Downloads/Literary%20Terms2.pdf

LITERARY TERMS
For AP ENGLISH LITERATURE

  1. Allegory-The representation of abstract ideas or principles by characters, figures, or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form.
  2. Alliteration-The repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words in a line of poetry. ie. Marilyn Monroe
  3. Ambiguity-When an author leaves out details/information or is unclear about an event so the reader will use his/her imagination to fill in the blanks.
  4. Anaphora-Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines in a poem.
  5. Anecdote-A short story or joke told at the beginning of a speech to gain the audience’s attention.
  6. Antagonist-The protagonist’s adversary.
  7. Anti-climatic-When the ending of the plot in poetry or prose is unfulfilling or lackluster.
  8. Apostrophe- When a character speaks to a character or object that is not present or is unable to respond
  9. Assonance-The repetition of the same vowel sound in a phrase or line of poetry.
  10. Blank verse-Name for unrhymed iambic pentameter. An iamb is a metrical foot in which an unstressed syllable is
    followed by a stressed syllable. In iambic pentameter there are five iambs per line making ten syllables.
  11. Climax-The turning point in the plot or the high point of action.
  12. Colloquial language-Informal, conversational language. Colloquialisms are phrases or sayings that are indicative of a
    specific region.
  13. Connotation-An idea or meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing, ie. Bat=evil.
  14. Convention-An understanding between a reader and a writer about certain details of a story that does not need to be
    explained.
  15. Consonance-The repetition of consonant sounds in a phrase or line of poetry. The consonant sound may be at the
    beginning, middle, or end of the word.
  16. Couplet-Two rhyming lines in poetry.
  17. Deus ex machina-Term that refers to a character or force that appears at the end of a story or play to help resolve
    conflict. Word means “god from a machine.” In ancient Greek drama, gods were lowered onto the stage by a mechanism to extricate characters from a seemingly hopeless situation. The phrase has come to mean any turn of events that solve the characters’ problems through an unexpected and unlikely intervention.
  18. Diction-Word choice or the use of words in speech or writing.
  19. Denouement (day-new-mon)-The final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot.
  20. Doppelganger-The alter ego of a character-the suppressed side of one’s personality that is usually unaccepted by
    society. ie. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson- Mr. Edward Hyde (hide) is Dr.
    Jekyll’s evil side
  21. Elegy-A poem or song composed especially as a lament for a deceased person.
  22. Emotive language-Deliberate use of language by a writer to instill a feeling or visual.
  23. Enjambment-The continuation of reading one line of a poem to the next with no pause, a run-on line.
  24. Epic-An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional
    hero.
  25. Epilogue-A short poem or speech spoken directly to the audience following the conclusion of a play, or in a novel the
    epilogue is a short explanation at the end of the book which indicates what happens after the plot ends.
  26. Epiphany-Sudden enlightenment or realization, a profound new outlook or understanding about the world usually
    attained while doing everyday mundane activities.
  27. Epistolary-Used to describe a novel that tells its story through letters written from one character to another.
  28. Euphemism-The act of substituting a harsh, blunt, or offensive comment for a more politically accepted or positive one.
    (short=vertically challenged)
  29. Euphony-A succession of words which are pleasing to the ear. These words may be alliterative, utilize consonance, or
    assonance and are often used in poetry but also seen in prose.
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  1. Expansion-Adds an unstressed syllable and a contraction or elision removes an unstressed syllable in order to maintain the rhythmic meter of a line. This practice explains some words frequently used in poetry such as th’ in place of the, o’er in place of over, and ‘tis or ‘twas in place of it is or it was.
  2. Fable-A usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like humans.
  3. Feminine ending-Term that refers to an unstressed extra syllable at the end of a line of iambic pentameter.
  4. Figurative language-Speech or writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect or meaning.
    Speech or writing employing figures of speech.
  5. Flashback- When a character remembers a past event that is relevant to the current action of the story
  6. Flat character-A literary character whose personality can be defined by one or two traits and does not change over the
    course of the story. Flat characters are usually minor or insignificant characters.
  7. Foil-A character that by contrast underscores or enhances the distinctive characteristics of another.
  8. Folklore-The traditional beliefs, myths, tales, and practices of a people, transmitted orally.
  9. Foot: The metrical length of a line is determined by the number of feet it contains.
    Monometer: One foot
    Dimeter: Two feet
    Trimeter: Three feet
    Tetrameter: Four feet
    Pentameter: Five feet
    Hexameter: Six feet
    Heptameter: Seven feet
    The most common feet have two to three syllables, with one stressed.
  10. Iamb-An iambic foot has two syllables. The first is unstressed and the second is stressed. The iambic foot is most common in English poetry.
  11. Trochee-A trochaic foot has two syllables. The first is stressed and the second is unstressed.
  12. Dactyl-A dactylic foot has three syllables beginning with a stressed syllable; the other two unstressed.
  13. Anapest-An anapestic foot has three syllables. The first two are unstressed with the third stressed.
  14. Foreshadowing- Clues in the text about incidents that will occur later in the plot, foreshadowing creates anticipation in
    the novel.
  15. Free verse-Type of verse that contains a variety of line lengths, is unrhymed, and lacks traditional meter.
  16. Genre-A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, marked by a distinctive style, form, or content.
  17. Gothic novel-A genre of fiction characterized by mystery and supernatural horror, often set in a dark castle or other
    medieval setting.
  18. Heroine-A woman noted for courage and daring action or the female protagonist.
  19. Hubris- Used in Greek tragedies, refers to excessive pride that usually leads to a hero’s downfall.
  20. Hyperbole-A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or comic/dramatic effect.
  21. Illocution-Language that avoids meaning of the words. When we speak, sometimes we conceal intentions or side step
    the true subject of a conversation. Writing illocution expresses two stories, one of which is not apparent to the characters, but is apparent to the reader. For example, if two characters are discussing a storm on the surface it may seem like a simple discussion of the weather, however, the reader should interpret the underlying meaning-that the relationship is in turmoil, chaos, is unpredictable. As demonstrated the story contains an underlying meaning or parallel meanings.
  22. Imagery-The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas.
  23. In medias res-A story that begins in the middle of things.
  24. Inversion-In poetry is an intentional digression from ordinary word order which is used to maintain regular meters. For
    example, rather than saying “the rain came” a poem may say “came the rain”. Meters can be formed by the insertion
    or absence of a pause.
  25. Irony-When one thing should occur, is apparent, or in logical sequence but the opposite actually occurs. Example: A
    man in the ocean might say, “Water, water everywhere and not a drop to drink.”
    Dramatic Irony: When the audience or reader knows something characters do not know
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Verbal Irony: When one thing is said, but something else, usually the opposite, is meant
Cosmic Irony: When a higher power toys with human expectations
  1. Masculine ending-Stressed extra syllable at the end of a line.
  2. Memoir-An account of the personal experiences of an author.
  3. Meter-The measured arrangement of words in poetry, as by accentual rhythm, syllabic quantity, or the number of
    syllables in a line.
  4. Metaphor-A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate
    another, thus making an implicit comparison; this comparison does not use like or as.
  5. Metonymy-The use of a word or phrase to stand in for something else which it is often associated. ie. Lamb means
    Jesus
  6. Motif-A dominant theme or central idea.
  7. Narrator-Someone who tells a story.
    First person: The narrator is a character in the story
    Third person objective: The narrator does not tell what anyone is thinking; the “fly on a wall” Third person limited: The narrator is able to tell the thoughts of one character
    Third person omniscient: The narrator is able to tell the thoughts of any character
  8. Novella-A short novel usually under 100 pages.
  9. Neutral language- Language opposite from emotive language as it is literal or even objective in nature.
  10. Oblique rhyme-Imperfect rhyme scheme.
  11. Ode-A lyric poem of some length, usually of a serious or meditative nature and having an elevated style and formal
    stanzaic structure. An ode celebrates something. John Keats is known for writing odes.
  12. Onomatopoeia-The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the
    objects or actions they refer to.
  13. Paradox- Statement which seems to contradict itself. i.e. His old face was youthful when he heard the news.
  14. Parody-A literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule.
    i.e. SNL or Weird Al Yankovich.
  15. Personification-A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are
    represented as possessing human form.
  16. Poetic justice-The rewarding of virtue and the punishment of vice in the resolution of a plot. The character, as they
    say, gets what he/she deserves.
  17. Prequel-A literary, dramatic, or cinematic work whose narrative takes place before that of a preexisting work or a
    sequel.
  18. Prologue- An introduction or preface, especially a poem recited to introduce a play.
  19. Prose-Ordinary speech or writing without metrical structure, written in paragraph form. Novels and short stories are
    referred to as prose.
  20. Protagonist-The main character in a drama or literary work.
  21. Pun-Play on words, when two words have multiple meanings and spellings and are used in a humorous manner.
  22. Rhyme- the repetition of sounds in words
  23. Rhyme scheme-The act of assigning letters in the alphabet to demonstrate the rhyming lines in a poem.
  24. Rising action-The events of a dramatic or narrative plot preceding the climax.
  25. Rites of passage-An incident which creates tremendous growth signifying a transition from adolescence to adulthood.
  26. Round character-A character who is developed over the course of the book, round characters are usually major
    characters in a novel.
  27. Resolution-Solution to the conflict in literature.
  28. Satire-A literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit; the goal is to change the
    behavior/issue. Authors known for satires are Jonathan Swift and George Orwell.
  29. Simile-A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or
    as.
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  1. Slang-A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect.
  2. Soliloquy-A dramatic or literary form of discourse in which a character talks to himself or herself or reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a listener. Typical in plays.
  3. Sonnet-A poem with fourteen lines. An Italian sonnet subdivides into two quatrains and two tercets; while an English sonnet subdivides into three quatrains and one couplet. A volta is a sudden change of thought which is common in sonnets.
  4. Style- The combination of distinctive features of literary or artistic expression, execution, or performance characterizing a particular person, group, school, or era.
  5. Symbolism- Something that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention, especially a material object used to represent something invisible.
  6. Tragedy- A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances.
  7. Tone-Reflects how the author feels about the subject matter or the feeling the author wants to instill in the reader.